Evolution of Electricity-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Examine the factors relating to energy generation for urban, commercial and global use, what infrastructures this is found in (i.e. transportation, consumer electricity, etc) and how we will meet the challenges of future energy production. Answer: Affordable and reliable electricity is important in modern life. It is essential to our daily lives and supports our economy in various aspects. We use electricity to power devices, in homes, in medicine, in engineering, and in agriculture. The modern electric world began with appliances like the telegraph, light bulb, as well as telephone and continued with radio, television, and many appliances (Jakovac 2012, p. 316). This paper focuses on following the evolution of electricity, its transmission, usage, and the difference in consumption between the rural and urban residents. Although electricity has been known since the ancient times, it has only been harnessed its power for about 250 years. Benjamin Franklins electricity experiments-including the kite experimenting 1752- showed how little electricity was known in the era of the American Revolution and the first industrial revolution (Matthew 2004, p. 2). Since Franklin`s experiments, the grasp of electricity has grown tremendously and new ways of its usage to improve our lives (Institute for energy research 2014). One of the first primary breakthroughs in electricity occurred in 1832 when a British scientist Michael Faraday discovered the basic principles of electricity generation. Building on the experiments of Franklin and others, he found that he could create or induce an electric current by moving magnets inside coils of copper wire. This discovery of electromagnetic induction revolutionized the use of energy. Ideally, Faraday`s process is used in modern power production. The Institute of energy research (2014) suggests that in the modern era of power plants, coal has always generated more electricity in the U.S. than any other fuel sources. In the recent years, we have seen other sources of electricity- hydroelectricity, nuclear power and natural gas competing for the second place. The energy is also used primarily in driving the transport and communication industry. For instance, the transport industry depends on energy in driving trains, airplanes, and automobile machines among other transportation machines. Communication as well depends on sensor a system that as well depends on energy. The 19th-century inventors who began to harness electricity to useful purpose put their small generators right next to the machines that used the electricity as pointed out by Tolis (2015). The earliest distribution system was by Thomas Edison`s 1882 Pearl street station in Manhattan, and another that Edison built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Like many others that were constructed during the next few years, they distributed power over copper lines using direct current. However, the method of distribution was so ineffective forcing most power plants had to be located within a mile of the place using the power known as the load (Matthew et al. p. 4). All the early power systems were what most people now refer to as distributed generation systems where the generators were located close to machines that used electricity. By the 1890s other inventors further developed this system of power distribution. Mastropietro, Batlle, Barroso, and Rodilla (2016) denote that the most important developm ent was high- voltage power transmission lines that adopted the use of alternating current. In addition, alternating current allowed power lines, to transmit power over much longer distances than the direct current system. At the beginning of the 21stcentury, the transmission system is a truly interconnected network with more than 150,000 miles of high voltage transmission lines. Matthew et al. (2004) also points out that with the increasingly technology-dependent society, people depend upon the network itself as much as on the power plants that use and feed the network. It hence called for the development of a sophisticated network system that involves interconnected power plants and power lines that operated at many different voltages as shown in figure 1. Table 1: Miles of High-Voltage Transmission Lines in the United States. Miles of Transmission Line Voltage AC 76,762 230 kV 49,250 345 kV 26,038 500 kV 2,453 765 kV 154,503 Total AC DC 930 250-300 kV 852 400 kV 192 450 kV 1,333 500 kV 3,307 Total DC 157,810 TOTAL AC/DC Fugure1: Illustrates todays transmission system Electricity has a significant role in industrial development it an essential factor in human well-being and development (Pourazarm 2012, p 14). According to Chopra (2015), electricity is used in various fields. For instance, engineering and technical activities use electricity as well as the communication and transport. In the field of medicine and surgery, electricity is used in treatment of diseases undergoing surgical operations likewise the theatres require electricity to operate. The entertainment industry as well as the house building and construction also currently depend on electricity. Paurazarm (2012) adds that electricity is used in the Residential sector- which includes all private buildings for heating water, air conditioning, and cooking, lighting and household electric appliances. The industrial sector such as manufacturing, mining, construction, transport and some parts of the agricultural industry like in water pumping and fisheries also depend on electricity. The st eel, copper, iron, petrochemicals, cements sugar and textile industries use the most energy in this sector. In the agricultural sector, the electricity is used mainly for pumping water for agriculture and fisheries; a Public sector which includes all government organizations and institutions, educational, religious and research centers, hospitals, and charity organizations. Tentatively lots of studies and research have been conducted on the difference in the electricity consumption in rural versus urban areas. A survey done by Craig Petersen 1980, in Utah indicates that rural dwellers use more electricity than urban dweller. Craig suggests that the difference could be that urban housing stock may be more efficient; the difference in the billing of electricity; rural locations may be colder than urban locations and those rural residents had a different demographic as it relates to electricity usage (Petersen 1982, p. 1). Michael Barnard (2013), states that the rural dwellers use more electricity (and more of every other form of energy) than urban dwellers where the ratio for electricity consumption alone is in the range of 12-34% greater for rural areas than urban areas. For instance, Table 2 contains the data obtained from a questionnaire sent to 2155 customers of Utah Power and light in spring of 1980 relating to the energy conservation efforts, the nature of their dwelling and personal characteristics-age, education and income. Table 2: Mean Values of the independent Variables in rural and Urban Areas Element Rural Urban Variables Number Mean Number Mean Degree Days of location 573 6663 676 6211 Electric Space heatinga 573 0.222 678 0.131 Electric water heatinga 573 0.635 676 0.286 Electric Clothes Dryer a 573 0.743 676 0.72 Dishwashera 573 0.424 678 0.529 Freezera 573 0.805 678 0.655 Number in house 568 3.34 669 3.5 Family income 548 16.163 654 19354 Age of Respondent 567 50.7 674 43.6 Inches of ceiling installation 496 6.7 554 6.9 From the research Petersen (1982, p. 6) concludes because there is a higher proportion of electric space and water heating in rural areas, the use of tariffs that provide preferential rates for customers using electricity for these purposes is especially beneficial to rural customers. Conversely, utility tariffs that do not differentiate by end user will impose relatively greater burdens on rural residents. Conclusion The evolution of electricity has changed the lives of and the nature of business in all industries. As a result, almost every human activity is heavily dependent on electricity. From manufacturing, to supply chain, to customer delivery of products and services to customers, electricity controls a bigger percentage of the economic efficiency of the world. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that energy is sustained and used effectively to prevent issues related to global warming, energy depletion, and other climate related to energy issues. List of References Barnard, M. (2013, January 9). Quora. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/Power-usage-of-a-city-vs-rural-areas Chopra, A. (2015, April 22). Short Essay on Uses of Electricity. Retrieved August 23, 2017, from importantindia.com. Doren, C. V. (n.d.). instituteforenergyresearch.org/history-electricity/. Retrieved 8 29, 2014, from https://www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/kite.htm Jakovac, P 2012, 'Electricity Directives and Evolution of the Eu Internal Electricity Market',Medianali, 11, pp. 315-338, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 August 2017. Mastropietro, P, Batlle, C, Barroso, L, Rodilla, P 2016, 'The evolution of electricity auctions in South America',Energy Sources Part B: Economics, Planning Policy, 11, 12, pp. 1103-1110, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 August 2017. Matthew, H, Brown, N, Ednin, D, Ulman, K, 2004, 'Electricity Directives and Evolution of the Eu Internal Electricity Market',National Conference of State Legislatures, Medianali, 11, pp. 315-338 Richard P. Sedano, The Regulatory Assistance Projec. (2004). Electricity Transmission. National Council on Electricity Policy , 2,6,. Pourazarm, E 2012, Doctor of philosophy thesis, school of economics, University of Wollongong. Retrieved from Elecricity demand analysis in different sectors: a case study of Iran: https:/?ro.uow.edu.au/thesis/3786 Tolis, A 2015, 'The effect of long-term expansion on the evolution of electricity price: numerical analysis of a theoretically optimised electricity market',European Journal Of Operational Research, 244, 3, pp. 939-954, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 August 2017.